Island



No. 624,535. Patented May 9, I899.

H. W. H.- POWEL. DEVICE FOR GAGING AND POSITIONING TOOLS 0F SL(Application fi1 ed July 29, 1897.)

IDE REST LATHES.

(No Model.)

.4 I s mg!) Zia/anion,

m: Noam PETERS 00.. wnoroumm, WASHINGTON. n. c.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

l-IARFORD \VILLING HARE POWEL, OF NEWPORT, RHODE ISLAND.

DEVICE FOR GAGING AND POSITIONING TOOLS OF SLlDE-R EST LATHES.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 624,535, dated May 9,1899. I

Application filed July 29, 189 7.

T0 aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, HARFORD VILLING HARE POWEL, a citizen of the UnitedStates of America, residing in the city and county of Newport, in theState of Rhode Island, have invented a certain new and usefulImprovement in Devices for Gaging and Positioning the Tools ofSlide-Rest Lathes, of which the following is a true and exactdescription, reference being bad to the accompanying drawings, whichform a part thereof.

WVhile myinvention especially relates to'devices for gaging andpresenting in definite positions to work, axially supported therein, thetools of slide-rest lathes, it also in its general application relatesto like combinations with other machines in which there exists the latheprinciple of an axial work-support combined with mechanicallyguided andcontrolled tools-as, for example, a circularshaping machine orkey-planer.

The chief object of my invention is to provide the turner or person whocontrols a machine of the class above indicated with a combinedwork-support and radius-gage or calipering device, and preferablyincombination therewith with a tool-setting device or position-finder,which latter device, despite the fact that the point of the lathescenter may be thrust for a considerable distance within the center-pitin the end of the work, shall serve, as hereinafter explained, to tellthe plane which connects the works axis of rotation and the point ordeepest-cutting edge or form, as it were, a center-plane or level'definer.

A- further object is to combine with aforesaid other finders or faces,&c., upon and by which the tool may be set to other defined positions inrelation to both the works axis and the tools lines of motion; also suchother objects as will be apparent from this specification as a whole.

The new and useful features of my said invention will be foundsegregated in the con eluding claims, and reference now being had to theaccompanying drawings, which form part of this specification, they willbe found to illustrate the same,'as follows:

Figure 1 is a side elevation of a slide-rest lathes center embodying mysaid invention erial No. 646.428. .(No model.)

.in a simple integral form, the action thereof being indicateddiagrammatically by annexed interrupted outlines. Fig. 2 is an end viewfrom the work-supporting or point side of the device shown in Fig. 1.plan and end elevations, respectively, of another modification of myinvention. A diamond-point tool is also shown in these figures as if inthe act of being positioner at center. Fig. 5 is apartially-sectionedside elevation of a portion of a slide-rest or engine lathes puppet-headcombining a further and preferred modification of my invention. Fig. 0is an end view, looking toward the pointof support, of the parts of thenovel combination of mechanism shown unsectionedin Fig. 5. I Fig. 7 is aside elevation of a portion of a key-planer shown at work and equippedwith a still further modification of my invention. Fig. 8 is a fragmentof the mechanism of Fig. 7 seen from the front or work-supporting side;and Fig. 9 is a fragment, on enlarged scale, showing detail of preferredform aforesaid.

In detail a simple form of my invention is illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2by a turners worksupport in the form of a center A, having fashionedfrom that portion of it which ordinarily would be reserved as sparestock for-retruing, &c., a series of concentric cylindrical steps 8 8These steps merge, on one hand, in a concentric point or' Work-engagingpart 13 and upon the other hand with the likewise concentric taper-shankt, which shank, being the ordinary conical sort, serves to engage thewhole with corresponding center-sockets in either head of alathe. Thesteps I also form of diameters desired to be produced in the work. Inthe illustrated case, Figs. 1 and 2, this is indicated in the step 5 bya diameter of, say, three-quarters of an inch, although in the adjoiningsteps 8, s, and 5- respectively, diameters of one-quarter, one-half ofone inch, and inch, desirable in other cases, are also provided. To usemy invention thus com bined, I seat the taper-shau k tthereof in, say,

the puppet-socket of a self-acting slide-rest lathe, adjust the edge ofthe tool about to be used by leveling the same at the apex of the pointp, or to what t-urners call at the center, mount the work to beturned,(indicated by broken-line outlines w, Fig. 1,) and by ordi- Figs. 3 and4. are

fest to those skilled in the art of turning that such use of either thesteps 8 5 establishes the distance from the center or axis at which themechanically-guided tool of the above-specified sort of lathe will thennormally act and in the. language of the day do the rest. Thediagrammatic part of Fig. 1 affords in its dot-and-dash outlines theboundaries of the point-path of the tool and also said tools actionincausing, where said dot-and-dash outlines overlie the work-outline w,a corresponding reduction thereof. Before concluding a description ofthe device shown in Figs. 1 and '2 it is proper to point out thatinstead of relying only upon the apex of point p to position the tool atcenter I have devised and therein shown combined with above-d escribeddevices a constantly-accessible tool-setting level-definer, andtherebyavoid acts which may occasion incon venience and loss of timeviz., either positioning the tool before mounting the work or onchanging a tool dismounting the work for a similar purpose and thenremounting it, 850. Such constant level-definer is illustrated in theedges n of notch N, for these edges n, being in a common plane andparallel to the axis at or of the center A,- are adapted to be broughtto and maintained in proper angular position in relation to the guideparts of the specified lathe, as follows: An alining-pinf, fixed in theouter body of said centerA and parallel to its axis, is adapted toengage laterally with a corresponding seat. (Not shown, but presumablyformed in the walls of said lathes center-sockets at regtacting with amodification of said invention,

and is thereby given at a single act both a certain radius (told by thescale S) and also the level 19 00 in which this tool must have its pointto be at center. However, as the point p is in this case a hollow orfemale one without this aid which my said modification convenientlyaifords it-to set a tool at the axis of work rotation (with which saidhollow points axis is in line) would be a pure guess.

The modification illustrated in Figs. 3 and 4 chiefly consists in theseparate and removable rather than integral and fixed character of thework-supporting, radius-gaging, and tool-settin g devices. The range ofthe radiusg-aging device removably mounted upon the the notchedcone-frustum (3, which cone.

frustum is snugly fitted by concentric cavity 0 upon concentricprojecting neck 0 of the center A, a set-screw (1 serving to fix the twoparts together at any desired angular position about the neck 0. In thismodification the conical center-shank 25 may be seated in its propermachine-sockets without reference to any particnlaralinement, as abovedescribed, and the edge n localized by slackening screw (1, rotating thesaid movable part Oto desired angle,-and locking it there by againscrewing fast set-screw d. In some cases, however, it is more convenientto set the center part A definitely. For this purpose the protrudinghexagonal part It (primarily the bearing part for wrenches) affords asort of visual dial; but for finer adjustments I preferably provide amark m, Fig. 3, to be set in the act of seating to register with acorresponding mark or datum on the muzzle of said centers properlathe-sockets. While only one size of the re* movable part orcone-frustnm O is shown in Fig. 3, it is part of my design in and bythis sort of modification to provide a number of such conic parts ofvarying or different slopes or diameters, but of uniform cavities orhollow bearing parts, and so tOIIlZtke them mutually interchangeableuponthe neck of their common or standard center, as A. I- thus afford a widerange-of radius-gage without giving abrupt slopes to their cones, usingundue length of neck to mount them on or offering in their bodiesobstructions near the works ends that are much, if any, in excess ofsaid works finish diameter, all of which are most material advantages.

In Figs. 5 and 6 there is shown a modification more complex than thepreceding, yet one which embodies the preferred form of myinvention-via, a center A is shown seated in the hollow socket Z) inslide-bar B of a self-acting slide-lathes puppet-head, (indicated by thefragment P.) The outer body of this removable center A, which protrudesfrom socket b, is formed not only with a'concentric cylindrical neck 0'and the usual male point 13 but also with a shoulder e, in whichshoulder there is also formed a worm-wheel or ring of screw-teeth g.Upon this neck 0- of the center A I journal the preferred modificationof the removable, and in this case controllably-movable, part of myinventionviz., the part 0. Also by a suitable cavity 0 I mount thereon aretaining-collar K, the

ing with the worm g aforesaid, thumb-screw D, which screw, havingamilled or preferably scale-divided head H, serves a triple dutyviz:first, at rest of locking the movable part 0 to the relatively-fixedpart, the center A second, when turned of rotating the movable aboutsaid fixed part as an axle, and if provided with a scale and an index,as in Fig. 6, the finger I, (fixed to and projecting within rangethereof from the shoulder of center A aforesaid) and, third, ofmeasuring minute portions of said movement or movements. However, as aprimary means of reading the relative angular movements of parts 0 A Iprovide a Vernier scale, (shown in Fig. 5,) the one side 4) thereofbeing marked upon an inner integral flange of the movable part 0 and theother side 1; upon the ad joining relatively-fixed flange or shoulder ofworlng aforesaid. The snail-like or volute form of the rim R of themovable part 0' is also a leading feature of this preferred modificationof my invention, for if any desired radius within the limits of saidsnail-like gaging part be not in the proper plane at the center of theturning-machine to which it may be applied then it is obvious that that.

part of said snail-rim which does afford such radius can bebrought'there by a rotary movemen t. Such rotary movement may beeffected either by means of tangent-screw II or by alining in its socketthe center A with which said snail-rim is combined, a fixed mark upon'the walls or muzzle of said socket serving as a datum in a way which,already having been described ,need not here again be illustrated ordescribed. As a means of reading the various radii thus withinconvenient range of the tools edge the periphery of the movable part 0may be conveniently divided and marked. In Figs. 5 and 6 I haveillustrated this and also shown the snail-like rim or volute as ofconstant pitch-viz., of like increment of radius for like angularincrement between corresponding radii throughout; and by connecting saidvolutes greatest and least radii by notch N and radial plane 107. I havemade its whole radially-tapering extent available as a radius-gage forcontacting lathe-tool edges. Also, as I have above said I prefer to do,I have in this formation combined with radiusgaging and work-supportingdevices a toolpositioning device or level-definer-viz., the outer edge91, of said connecting-plane; but as it may be inconvenient or take toolong to shift back to this I have also illustrated at intervals of sixtydegrees on the periphery of the radiate part 0 intermediate andsecondary leveldefiners the notch edges m m, which by comparativelysmall angular displacement of the center A may be quickly brought toworking position; orif it be desired to preserve or often to have themovable part 0 with a certain one of its radii presented in the level ofthe axis of rotation aforesaid a prime mark, as V, on the centershank tmay be seated to line with a mark on its sockets, as above mentioned,and any desired angnlardisplacement of the radial part 0 effected bytangentscrew H and read by the Vernier or micrometer devices aforesaid.Such a reading established, it is easy to mark it permanently, as byscoring a line or specialhorizon when so adjusted. A number of suchlines are illustrated in Fig. 6 by the marginal graduations of the lowersextant of the movable part 0. Said sextant is included withininterrupted cord, arc, andangle lines. Moreover, the movable andladially-disposed part 0, as illustrated, exposes extended fiat faces ff square, to the axis x x of the center or work support, and bycontacting on said surfaces affords convenient means'for squaring theedges of the right and left lathe side tools. The rim R of the volutebeing parallel to the axis of support also serves (with cylindricalwork) to position square the edges of fiatnosed smoothing, parting, &o.,lathe-tools. The sixty-degree V-notch L, Fig. 9, not only shows afurther device for setting without independent gages V-threadscrew-tools, but also indicates how other tools of special contours mayhave the profiles of their edges similarly formed in hollow or oppositecount terpart upon equivalent portions, and thereby be accurately andquickly positioned In Figs. 7 and 8 the range of my invention isindicated in several ways, viz: first, by showing instead of a volute orradial radiusgage of regular pitch a removable and movable radial gage 0formed as a cross or irregular interrupted snail; second, by itsrelation with a keyway-planer a machine in which reduction of the workis effected by relative reciprocations of the tool T andwork W insteadof by continuous rotation of the work, as in the case of theslide-lathes above alluded'to; third, by myinventions application to amachine wherein the feed rather than the drive motion is circular;fourth, by mounting the gage and tool positioning devices upon someother part of the lathehead than the immediate work-support or centerproper, by which modification the center can be removed from its socket,changed for another, or returned without disturbing the gage and toolpositioning parts IIO of my novel combinations, and, fifth, such othermodifications as will be apparent from this specification as a whole,for from inspection of Figs. 7 and 8 it will be seen that the or typicalwork-support P of said planer.

' ford surfaces upon which the edges of tools can be positioned inrelation to the guides of the machine and also set to act upon suchparts of the work as, corresponding in width thereto, are to be leftprojecting or planed say flatrather than like the main body of i saidwork be circularly shaped, or such as'in this case is the side a of thewarded and projecting part ofthe key W ends of said arms, beingpreferablyportions of cylindrical surfaces parallel to the axis ofsupport w as, serve to test the establishment of the planers tools atthe proper angle of relief to the work longitudinally presented the toolthey warn the turner in the act of by said machine.

Although my invention is hereinbefore chiefly illustrated in connectionwith puppets or dead-heads, it is intended to be indicated by thedependent illustrations, Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4, respectively, that italso may be used in or combined with the live heads of lathes or even inboth live and dead heads and at the same time; also, by forming thegaging devices hollow instead of solid it can be modified readily foruse in setting inside lathetools.

The kind of work for which my invention is best suited is of coursestraight shafts or cylindrical work or work in which a series ofcylindrical sections follow progressively, ta-

pering either from end to end or from a maxi? I mum middle diameter,thence by progressively less diameters to the ends. My invention is,however, of marked utility in connection with turning cones orcone-frusta, like the shanks t t of theabove-described centers, forwhether one of the heads of the lathe be set over or a slanting guide beemployed todej velop the taper (alternative modes familiar to turnersfor producing this sort of work) my said invention if then used willserve to give either a diameter thereof at some plane intersecting theaxis of such tapering work or it will give a diameter formed by a planeintersecting the contour of said cone or conefrustum produced; also,work which, compared with its end diameters, has reduced inner port-ionsmay be produced by the combination of my present invention with thefamiliar device of a bank-screw upon the slide-rest part of the lathewhich carries it.

Further, the sides Z of said arms, be-' part. The outer to pass theobstructions of the larger work ends aforesaid.

That the tool-positioning capacity of myinvention is unaffected bydislocating the axes of the workand work support, as above mentioned inthe case of taper-turning, is a marked evidence of its extendedusefulness.

Taking the modifications illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, 3, and 4 as onegroup and the modifications illustrated in Figs. 5, 6, 7, and 8 asanother group, the first thereof will be seen to exhibit the radius-gagedisposed longitudinally or along the axis of support, while in thelatter group, which embraces the preferred form, the position thereof istransverse in respect to the said axis, and therefore accomplishes agreat saving in space measured between the works end and thatof thelathe puppet or mediate work 7 supporting Again, taking all the aboveillustrative modifications of my invention as agroup, they will be foundto exhibit the common feature of a combination of work-supporting,radius-gaging, and preferably also tool-positioning devices located nearthe works end, where, even to the eye, without contacting commencing aout against overfeeding his tools; also, as cuts in turning usuallyoriginate near the ends of the work, the close combination therewith ofmy invention solicits its use. practices and errors, viz: If positionedtoo high or above center, the ordinary lathetools have a tendency to nodand chatter or out too deep. If positioned too low or beneath center,the established angles of such tools acting-faces generally are defeatedand they fail either to cut at all, or, at least, not to advantage. Inother cases, however, when a position above or below center is desiredfor the position of a lathe-tools edge the amount thereof can beestimated or measured much more readily from the near-by datum which myinvention offers than hitherto could be done by the ordinaryindependentdevices and practices.

Slight discrepancies between the calibration of the radius-gaging partsof my invention, as above illustratively described, and that of the workproduced by lathe tools thereon contacted may be occasioned by lostmotion in the jointing of their own or combined lathe parts or by thespringing of the work, the character of the material, and the load uponthe tools edge, 850. These difficulties, however, are more seeming thanreal, but so far as they do exist can be allowed for in practice, andare usually on the safe side viz. that of having work over finish sizerather than too small or under size. In a large percentage of cases fromthe old method of cutting the width of the tools edge and thenexperimentally calipering one finds the chief reason for mutilated andimperfect lathework, whereas by my invention such experimental cuttingis substantially avoided.

Used, it eliminates many pernicious Having now described my invention,what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is

1. The combination with the male center of a lathe of a graduatedradius-gage on said center, substantially as described.

2. The combination with the center of a lathe or turning-machine of theclass indicated of a toolgaging device adapted to expose in range of thetool-path of said lathe an extended surface of varying radiisubstantially as and for the purposes described.

3. The combination with the center of a lathe or turning-machine of theclass indicated of a tool-gaging device consisting of a plurality ofcontactive surfaces located at varying radii from the axis of saidsupport substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described.

4. The combination with the center of a lathe or turning-machine of theclass indicated of a movable gage having a tool-contactive surface orsurfaces and means for looking said gage when it exposes said surface orsurfaces at the level of the center axis of said lathe and at knownradius therefrom, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbeforedescribed.

5. The combination with the center of a lathe or turning-machine of theclass indicated of a movable radius-gage, a screw to move and lock saidradius-gage, a Vernierscale to read the larger and a micrometer asdivided head II and index I to read the smaller movements substantiallyas and for the purposes hereinbefore described.

6. The combination with the center of a lathe or turning-machine of theclass indicated of a movable radius-gage and a screw operative to lookbut on occasion to move said radius-gage substantially as and for thepurposes hereinbefore described.

'7. The combination with the center of a lathe or turning-machine of theclass indicated of a movable radius-gage, mechanism to move and onoccasion to lock said radiusgage, and a Vernier-scale to read the amountof said movements substantially as and for the purposes hereinbeforedescribed.

8. The combination with the center of a lathe or turning-machine of theclass indicated of a rad ins-gage and a center-level mark or equivalenttool-positioning device, substantially as and for the purposeshereinbefore described.

9. The combination with the center or centers of a lathe orturning-machine of the class indicated of a radius-gage, a notch edge u,and an alining device as pin f and said pins registering socket in, saidwork support or supports substantially as and for the purposeshereinbefore described.

10. The combination with the center of a lathe or machine of the classindicated of a radius-gage, a center-level mark or tool-positioningdevice and a face or faces as f, f 7r, whereon special tools may bepositioned substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described.a

11. The combination with the center of a lathe or turning-machine of theclass indicated said support being provided with a fixed mark or datum,of a radius-gage and a toolpositioning device also provided with a mark'or' index to register With said datum when the said tool-positionin gdevice is in the plane or at the center of said machine substantially asand for the purposes hereinbefore described. I

12. The combination with the axial worksupport of a lathe orturning-machine of the class indicated of a radius-gage, a device forpositioning tools at center, and a face or faces as f, f, L, Whereonspecial tools may be additionally localized to determine positions,substantially as and for the purposes herein before described.

13. The combination with the center orcenters of a lathe orturning-machine of the class indicated, of a radius-gage havingabodywith a sloping side or sides and a notched edge substantially as and forthe purposes herein before described.

1 14. The combination with the center or cen= ters of a lathe orturning-machine of the class indicated of a radius-gage andtool-positioning device consisting of a body having a sloping side orsides and scale-divided edge or edges substantially as and for thepurposes hereinbefore described.

15. The combination with the center or centers of alathe orturning-machine of the class indicated, of a radius-gage andtool-positioning device consisting of a fixed and a relatively-movablepart, said movable part having a sloping and graduated or scale-dividedbody and means for fixing said fixed and movable parts together so thatthe said graduated 0r scale-divided parts may be exposed in thetool-path of said lathe substantially as and for the purposeshereinbefore described.

16. The combination with the center of a lathe or turning machine of theclass indi- ITO cated of a movable gage said gage having gage partsextending to different distances from the axis of said work-support andadapted to come in turn to a position proper for contacting thereon thetools of said lathe or machine substantially as and for the purposeshereinbefore described.

17 The com'bination with the center of a lathe or turning-machine of theclass indicated of a rotative snail or volute radius-gage, and acenter-plane definer the notch edge n substantially as and for thepurposes hereinbefore described.

18. The combination with the removable center or immediate center of alathe or turn ing-machine of the class indicated of a rotative voluteradius-gage, said gage being provided with a mark to register with amark V or prime position on the lathe or machine in which it may beseated and means for measuring angular movements of said gage from saidmark, substantially as and for the purposes hereinbefore described.

19. The combination with the center of a lathe or turning-machine of theclass indicated of a rotative snail-like or volute radiusgage, a screwand Worm-wheel operative for alternately rotating and locking said gage,a scale or device for measuring the angular movements of said rotativegage when moved from a relatively-fixed datum, and a tool-positioningdevice whereby the tools of said lathe or machine may be tested for theaccuracy of their positionin respect to both radius and horizonsubstantially as described.

20. The combination with the lathe-center A having Worm-wheel g and neck0 of V0- lute gage C journaled thereon, and having its rim R notched asn m also special toolprofiles as L, flat faces ff and bearings a a; atangent-screw D, journaled therein to mesh With Worm g aforesaid, andprovided With an operating divided head I-I; index I and vernier-scale'u v distributed upon gage O and center A substantially as and for thepurposes hereinbefore described.

HARFORD WILLING HARE POWEL.

WVitnesses:

JAMES J. RooNEY, ARTHUR W. GASH.

